POPULATION
India is 2nd largest country after China in terms of population. 1st all-India census, though not taken synchronously, was completed in 1872. Since 1881, the census has been taken every decade. According to the 2011 Census, the total population of the country is about 121 crore. The major cause for increasing population is the rapid fall in death rate.
DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION THEORY
Used to describe and predict the future population of any area. Population of any region changes from high births and high deaths to low births and low deaths as society progresses from rural agrarian and illiterate to urban industrial and literate society.
DEMOGRAPHIC CYCLE.
- high fertility and high mortality
- high fertility and low mortality
- low fertility and low mortality
- very low fertility and very low mortality
DENSITY
The average density of population as per the 2011 Census was 382 persons per sq. km. However, density is not uniform throughout the country. The lowest density in the country is in Arunachal Pradesh 13 persons per sq. km.
SEX RATIO
The sex ratio in India is negative, i.e. there are fewer females than males. On an average, there are 940 females per 1,000 males in India.
LITERACY
- The average literacy rate as per the 2011 Census in 74.04 %.
- The rate of literacy among males (82.14 %) is higher than that among females (65.46 %).
- Kerala has the highest literacy rate (93.9 %) and Bihar the lowest (63.82%). According to Census 2011.
- Among union territories, the highest rate of literacy is in Lakshadweep (91.85 %) and the lowest in Dadra and
Nagar Haveli (76 %).